There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. [125], Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. It was inhabited by Australopithecines since at least 2.5 million years ago. Information department, Government of Lesotho. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). By June 1900, Pretoria, the last of the major Boer towns, had surrendered. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. Estimates for the death toll resulting from the Mfecane range from 1 million to 2 million.[47][48][49][50]. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. These are the 10 most common African American surnames according to the 2000 census: Williams: Williams is a patronymic of English origin of someone with a forebear named William. No firm boundaries were drawn between the area of white settlement and Moshoeshoe's kingdom, which led to border clashes. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. In 2007, less than half the protests were associated with some form of violence, compared with 2014, when almost 80% of protests involved violence on the part of the participants or the authorities. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. Luter South African. It is among the most common African last names. [88] War broke out again in 1865. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. As one of their first tasks they outlawed the use of the Dutch language in 1806 with the view of converting the European settlers to the British language and culture. 2. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. Yet resistance by Boer bittereinders (meaning those who would fight to the bitter end) continued for two more years with guerrilla warfare, which the British met in turn with scorched earth tactics. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. Boujettif Northern African (Archaic) Meaning, "The family of the son of the Clever Head" or "One Whom Possess a Clever Head." Bou (normally used in the North African Regions of the Maghrib Countries) has 2 possible derivative meanings both originating from the Arabic language, "Son of." or an Arabic word Tho meaning, "One Who Possess A Quality."Jettif is a variance of Jettef, Jeif or Ji'f . The government declared martial law on 14 October 1914, and forces loyal to the government under the command of generals Louis Botha and Jan Smuts defeated the rebellion. In 2015, the discovery near Johannesburg of a previously unknown species of Homo was announced, named Homo naledi. [24], The British explorers David Livingstone and William Oswell, setting out from a mission station in the northern Cape Colony, are believed to have been the first white men to cross the Kalahari desert in 1849. [113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. Pronounce it KAH-yah. Cattle rustling and livestock theft ensued, with the Khoikhoi being ultimately expelled from the peninsula by force, after a succession of wars. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . The apartheid-era South African military and political intelligence services, for their part, worked closely with American, British and West German secret services throughout the Cold War. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. [220][221], The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s, when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. Lwando Southern African. Da Gama's fleet proceeded northwards to Zanzibar and later sailed eastwards, eventually reaching India and opening the Cape Route between Europe and Asia. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. [153] The AWB leader Eugne Terre'Blanche was murdered by farm workers on 3 April 2010. Means "nation" in Xhosa. An important recent find was that of 1.9 million year old Australopithecus sediba, discovered in 2008. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. British colonisation, Mfecane and Boer Republics (18151910), Area Study South Africa, US Library of Congress. By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. It's pronounced Col-u-WHA. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. Afumba It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. Get in touch! Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. [142] A number of South African fighter pilots served with distinction in the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain, including Group Captain Adolph "Sailor" Malan who led 74 Squadron and established a record of personally destroying 27 enemy aircraft. These refugees and asylum seekers originated mainly from Zimbabwe, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia. [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. [9], Many more species of early hominid have come to light in recent decades. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. [19] Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. Blignaut, Charl. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. [245] Protests against the incarceration triggered wider rioting and looting, further exacerbated by job layoffs and economic woes worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas the San were hunter-gatherers, the Khoikhoi were pastoral herders. George McCall Theal, "Discovery of diamonds and its consequences", in. The majority of burghers had Dutch ancestry and belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, but there were also some Germans, who often happened to be Lutherans. Origin: Tswana, Southern African Meaning: Blessed one, blessings Alternative Spellings & Variations: Sego Famous Namesakes: Masego Ntshingane, Botswanan athlete Peak Popularity: Masego isn't a very popular name in the United States. It translates as "of the roof". The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. 35. The trade union movement was divided. [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. Britain's eventual defeat of the Zulus, marking the end of the Zulu nation's independence, was accomplished with the assistance of Zulu collaborators who harboured cultural and political resentments against centralised Zulu authority. In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". [126], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. With a population of roughly 6 million, between 19141918, over 250,000 South Africans of all races voluntarily served their country. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. 78. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. 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