Although it is mostly ocean and spans many continental plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. "[122] Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. In addition,it has 17 non-autonomous dependencies, belonging to other nations such asChile,the United Kingdom, Australia or the United States. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities. Countries of the World. They are now often referred to as Maritime Southeast Asia, with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore being founding members of the ASEAN regional organization for Southeast Asia in 1967 (Brunei and East Timor did not exist as independent nations at that point). It includes Australia, the smallest continent in terms of total land area. "[49] Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent". [244] The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands were formed c. 7 to 30 million years ago, as shield volcanoes over the same volcanic hotspot that formed the Emperor Seamounts to the north and the Main Hawaiian Islands to the south. [24] Before Europeans arrived in the area, the sea shielded Australia and south central Pacific islands from cultural influences that spread through large continental landmasses and adjacent islands. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. [333], Hawaii is a majority-minority state. [46][47] For example, Tony deBrum, Foreign Minister for the Marshall Islands, stated in 2014, "not only [is Australia] our big brother down south, Australia is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum and Australia is a Pacific island, a big island, but a Pacific island. Native Hawaiian musician and Hawaiian sovereignty activist Israel Kamakawiwoole, famous for his medley of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World", was named "The Voice of Hawaii" by NPR in 2010 in its 50 great voices series. Beginning c. 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island would begin construction of nearly 900 moai (large stone statues). "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. Immigrants brought their own languages to the region, such as Mandarin, Hindi, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Polish, German, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Cantonese and Greek, among many others, namely in Australia and New Zealand,[322] or Fiji Hindi in Fiji. Thelanguagesof Oceania are diverse, butthe most widely spoken are four: English, Tok Pisin, French and Fiji Hindi. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". Fogg defined Polynesia as covering the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as the Ryukyu Islands. Population growth in Australia From 1960 to 2021 the population of Australia increased from 10.28 million to 25.69 million people. iii. [288] A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. The most popular usage delimits Oceania further by eliminating Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines, because the peoples and cultures of those islands are more closely related historically to the Asian mainland. [93] He further included in his definition Sakhalin, an island which is geologically part of the Japanese archipelago, but that has been administered by Russia since World War II. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. "[33] American author Samuel Griswold Goodrich wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." Rugby, football and cricket are popularin most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands. 1. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. [331][332] Auckland is home to over half (51.6 percent) of New Zealand's overseas born population, including 72 percent of the country's Pacific Island-born population, 64 percent of its Asian-born population, and 56 percent of its Middle Eastern and African born population. Source: Worldometer ( www.Worldometers.info) [338], Archaeology, linguistics, and existing genetic studies indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. [84], American geographer Jesse Olney's 1845 book A Practical System of Modern Geography stated that it "comprises the numerous isles of the Pacific, lying south east of Asia." Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. The Global Religious Landscape Oceania (UK: /osini, oi-, -en-/, US: /oini/ (listen), /-n-/)[5] is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. Coconuts, ginger, and copra are also significant. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. There is also a presence of the Orthodox Church,Buddhism,Islamand the Hindi religion, especially in Fiji. The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. Although the majority of the Oceanian islands lie in the South Pacific, a few of them are not restricted to the Pacific Ocean Kangaroo Island and Ashmore and Cartier Islands, for instance, are situated in the Southern Ocean and Indian Ocean, respectively, and Tasmania's west coast faces the Southern Ocean. In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area. Humid continental (warm) 5. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Australasia: Australia: 24 million, Canberra New Zealand: 5 million, Wellington [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. [280] In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." . [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. Australia itself has a population of approximately 25.7 million, while New Zealand's population is close to 4.85 million. The Americas a. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. version. Conditions vary from extremely wet on the West Coast of the South Island to almost semi-arid in Central Otago and subtropical in Northland. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Oceaniacontributes barely 1% of total world production, so it is not a continent with much weight in this matter. The islands lie on the Nazca Plate with Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands, and have a significant south central Pacific component to their marine fauna. The northern parts of the country have a tropical climate. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2020. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. Most of them have little economic or political importance." Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. The above content published atCollaborative Research Groupis for informational and educational purposes onlyand has been developed by referringreliable sources and recommendations from experts. [239] The oldest member disappearing by way of the plate tectonics cycle is early-Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago). In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. [28] Ocanie derives from the Latin word oceanus, and this from the Greek word (keans), "ocean". For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. Oceania is of all the least populated continent, with the exception of Antarctica . [56][57], The new terms Near Oceania and Remote Oceania were proposed in 1973 by anthropologists Roger Green and Andrew Pawley. Vocabulary. [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. [229] The Oceania group of continent/islands encompasses mainland Australia, Tasmania, island countries of New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). [328][329][330], European migration to New Zealand provided a major influx following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. This is in spite of the geographical distance separating these areas from Hawaii, which technically lies in the North Pacific. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [114][115][60] According to scientific journal PLOS One, the Humboldt Current helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. [195], Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. However, he wrote that these islands "are not usually reckoned as belonging to it, because they are known to be inhabited by races of people who came immediately from the adjacent continents and are unconnected with those tribes of the human race who peopled the remote islands of this great ocean." This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The Tasman Sea, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the Australian Plate (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. [64] Todd further included the Aleutian Islands in his definition of Oceania. CSIRO Publishing. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. Popular Quizzes Today. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and New Caledonia. The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. A negative number means that there are more emigrants than immigrants. The Anson archipelago included phantom islands such as Ganges Island and Los Jardines which were proven to not exist, as well as real islands such as Marcus Island and Wake Island. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." In recent Australian and New Zealand censuses, large proportions of the population say they belong to "no religion" (which includes atheism, agnosticism, deism, secular humanism). Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. If you are a dynamic individual seeking a new career opportunity, read further The Programme in Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR) at the Medical School in Singapore invites applications from outstanding candidates. 12.1.2021-3.1.2023 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people - 7-day rolling average - LOGCOVID-19 Data ExplorerOur World in Data https . Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. The capital of Papeet was founded in 1843. [427] These early peoples lacked a writing system, and made works on perishable materials, so few records of them exist from this time. [66] He divided Oceania into two subregions; Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand. [18][19][7] The broadest definition of Oceania encompasses the many islands between mainland Asia and the Americas;[6][20][21] The island nation of Australia is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent. [335] As of 2015[update], a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry especially Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. [463] Australia (and New Zealand) were among the small handful of non-communist countries who decided to participate at Moscow 1980. United States Population (LIVE) [367], Tourism in Australia is an important component of the Australian economy. While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. In 1820, the first American missionaries arrived to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians Western ways. "Decoding Pearl Harbor", in. [420] Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb; salmon; koura (crayfish);[421] whitebait; shellfish including dredge oysters, paua, mussels, scallops, pipi and tuatua;[422] kumara (sweet potato); kiwifruit; tamarillo; and pavlova (considered a national dish).[423][419]. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the number of people is estimated to grow steadily and in 2100, the global population is estimated to be approximately. [84] Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's Society Islands, Tasmania, and Tonga. What is the most populated city in Oceania? New Caledonia sends two representatives to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate. 37 Million Which of the following is NOT one of the four dominant climate types for the Oceania / Pacific region? [168] Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia are more commonly grouped together as part of the Australasian biogeographical realm. [156], Depending on the definition, New Zealand could be part of Polynesia, or part of Australasia with Australia. Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines. Mediterrranean 2. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [292] The Big Bog on the island of Maui is the wettest place, receiving an average 10,271mm (404.4in) each year.[293]. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. Number of followers estimated by Countrymeters miles). The Gilbert Islands (now known as Kiribati) and the Ellice Islands (now known as Tuvalu) came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. The highest mountain in continental Oceania is the Kosciuszko with 2228 meters above sea level. [431] Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Maluku Islands (by Antnio de Abreu and Francisco Serro in 1512), Timor, the Aru Islands (Martim A. Melo Coutinho), the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands (by Gomes de Sequeira in 1525), and west Papua New Guinea (by Jorge de Menezes in 1526). [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. [270][271], A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals, and dominance of the marsupials a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums, and dasyuromorphs. [67] The UN's definition of this subregion also includes Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Other religions in the region include Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in Australia and New Zealand. While in most of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as a geographical region, outside of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as one of the continents. How many regions is Oceania divided into? Trend toward larger states A. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. [84] She stated that Oceania was divided up into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Zealand and the Melanesian islands), Malesia (which included all present-day countries within the Malay archipelago, not the modern country of Malaysia) and Polynesia (which included both the Polynesian and Micronesian islands in her definition). [383] Charles III is the King of New Zealand and the head of state. Oceania then, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia, but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. Pirmides Populacionais: Oceania - 2041. ", "Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific", "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome", Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, "Cook's Journal: Daily Entries, 22 April 1770", "History of French Polynesia, 1797 to 1889", "Chapter V Affairs in the Western Pacific", "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years", "Parks and Reserves Australia's National Landscapes", "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712695A94343459.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22703868A118657750.en, "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", Invasive Species: Animals Brown Tree Snake, "Parrots of Oceania a comparative study of extinction risk", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? The population of the Oceania continent is projected to increase from 42.7 million in 2020 to 57.4 million in 2050. [447] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. Corrections? In 1905 the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over south-east New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. In 2022 the population of Oceania was 43,451,000 and the average age increased from 29.6 in 1960 to 35.9. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. According to our estimations, daily change rates of Oceania population in 2023 will be the following: As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. What Is The Population Of Oceania? The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. Tourism New Zealand, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide. The Mori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. Australian forces attacked German New Guinea in September 1914. [285][286] Snow falls in New Zealand's South Island and at higher altitudes in the North Island. Many animals of Oceania have become true symbols of the continent. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. In the national agreement on Closing the Gap signed . [290] The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was 25.6C (14.1F), at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of 21.6C (6.9F) recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Susceptible to typhoons in the North Pacific ocean, southeast of the South Island almost! Of New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, 382. Hinduism, which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass negative. Was 26,177,413, a 0.99 % increase from 2021 definition, New Zealand #! Million which of the geographical distance separating these areas from Hawaii, which are prominent religions! 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